Introduction to Universal Design

Universal design is an essential concept for inclusive learning. Universal design is the design and structure of an environment so it can be used by the greatest number of people, to the fullest extent of all their abilities (Hansen Foundation, 2017). This is to give learners of all ages and abilities the best possible opportunities to succeed. Another goal is for learners to have to make as little adaptations to their environment as possible, so they can be independent (National Disability Authority, 2020). 

 

Principles of Universal Design

There are seven basic principles of universal design: 

  1. Equitable Use
  2. Flexibility in Use
  3. Simple and Intuitive Use
  4. Perceptible Information
  5. Tolerance for Error
  6. Low Physical Effort
  7. Size and Space for Approach and Use

 

Universal Design in Engineering 

Some examples of universal design engineering are curb cuts (so wheelchair users can easily cross the street), simple signs, entrance ramps (for anyone who may have difficulty climbing stairs), level door handles (for those who do not have full motor control in their hands), and automatic doors. These inventions all include multiple principles of universal design, and we can use that as inspiration for designing learning. 

 

Universal Design in Learning

For example, signs that are designed with universal use in mind will have at least one language on them, as well as simple pictures. This would be the perceptible information principle. To adapt this to learning, the information could be delivered in multiple mediums. To explain a concept, a teacher could use writing, their spoken word, and diagrams to facilitate various learning styles. An entrance ramp satisfies the multiple principles: low physical effort, simple and intuitive use, flexibility in use, and equitable use. If the ramp was designed with railings on either side, to protect users, that would be following the tolerance for error principle. Signs warning that the ramp could be slippery would also be under the tolerance for error principle. A teacher could follow these guidelines, and warn students that an upcoming exam will be challenging. If students fail the exam, the teacher could offer a re-test, as they tolerate error. Finally, a teacher could be inspired by the flexibility in use principle. In engineering, this could manifest as inventions that people can use with either hand, whatever one is their preferred. A teacher could allow students to submit their assignments in their preferred medium, whether that be written, spoken, or presented and recorded. A teacher should always strive to be as inclusive as possible. 

 

References

 

National Disability Authority. (2020). The 7 principles of Universal Design. The Centre for Excellence in Universal Design | Centre for Excellence in Universal Design. https://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/The-7-Principles/

 

Rick Hansen Foundation. (2017, February 6). Universal design 101. https://www.rickhansen.com/news-stories/blog/universal-design-101